Differences in Religion During the Era of Slavery

In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass writes about his experiences being a slave. Intermixed in these experiences are two distinct factions: the religion of the master, and the religion of the slave. The slave masters and their families were often seen at church on Sunday, and then seen beating and mistreating their slaves on Monday. The slaves often professed to be Christians, but that did not stop them from stealing, lying, and scheming against their owners. Religion played a mighty part in the struggles between the slave and his owner, and this paper hopes to show the extent of those struggles through Douglass’ eyes.Most of the slaves brought from Africa had pagan beliefs that they kept alive despite the fact they were no longer in their own country. While some slaves were taught of Christianity by their owners and owners wives, many still held to the beliefs that they had learned as children. Douglass was one of the group that was taught Christianity, bu t that did not always stop him from leaning on some of the old pagan practices that the other slaves followed. For example, a fellow slave, Sandy Jenkins, had a root that he swore would keep a slave from being whipped by their master (Douglass, 53).The root had to be carried only on the right side of the body, and it would give protection to the person who carried it for as long as it was carried (Douglass, 53). Douglass had a need for a trinket like this when he ran away from his master, Mr. Covey. Covey had severely beaten Douglass, and Douglass had managed to get to an old master’s house in hopes of help (Douglass, 52). When he did not receive any, he hid in the woods for a while (Douglass, 53). He was facing either a beating from Covey or starvation in the woods when Jenkins came upon him (Douglass, 53).Jenkins’ free wife had a home of her own, so he took Douglass there and gave him the root (Douglass, 53) . Sure enough, when Douglass went home, Mr. Covey did not o ffer to beat him (Douglass, 53). In fact, the next day Douglass had an altercation with Covey and Hughes, his helper (Douglass, 54). Douglass beat both of them so badly that they â€Å"never wanted to lay hold of him again† (Douglass, 54). They never did, either. Douglass relates that he spent four more years as a slave, and he was never beaten again (Douglass, 54).Now, the question might be, did the root really have any effect on Douglass’s safety? If it did, how could Douglass profess to be a Christian, and still believe that a root of some kind was going to keep him safe? There are two answers to those questions, both provided by Douglass. Douglass expressed his doubts to Jenkins about the root from the very mention of it (Douglass, 53). The only reason that he took it was because Jenkins convinced him that while it might not help matters, it certainly could not hurt them (Douglass, 53).It appears as though Jenkins was right, but one has to think about the day that Douglass came home, Sunday (Douglass, 53). Mr. Covey also professed to be a Christian, and while beating a slave for everyone to see might be acceptable on other days, it was simply not done on Sunday (Douglass, 53). Proof of this fact can be derived by Covey’s actions on Monday. He came to Douglass and attempted to tie him up for a beating, but Douglass bested him (Douglass, 53). Although the root seemed to help on Sunday, it was not going to help on Monday, except for one thing.The root evidently gave Douglass the courage that he needed to be able to fight Covey and Hughes. One could argue that the root did have some saving power, but it seems much more likely that having that talisman made Douglass believe that he could fight. There really was no reason why he could not. He was more than capable of fighting a middle aged man. If nothing else, the root made him brave. What Douglass truly thought about the root came out a few years later when Douglass found himself working f or the same slave owner as Sandy Jenkins (Douglass, 59).While not in the dialogue itself, Douglass made a footnote that expressed his real feelings. He noted that while Jenkins was totally convinced that Douglass overcame Covey with the help of the root, Douglass held that idea up as a simple superstition common to â€Å"ignorant† slaves (Douglass, 59). So, perhaps there never really was an issue between Douglass choosing to be a Christian while carrying a pagan object. We know, though, the root must have helped at least a little bit. Did Douglass believe in it the moment he stood up to Covey? We will never know.However, this whole episode is representative of what a lot of slaves encountered. They became Christian by choice or by force, but there were always the old pagan beliefs in the back of their mind, the beliefs that they had carried from their home. No wonder, then, that black Christianity was so markedly different than white Christianity. In Douglass’s life st ory, he made it clearly known that he advocated slaves doing what they had to do to survive on the plantations and farms of their owners (Douglass, 81). However, some of these things went against the most basic teachings of Christianity.Slaves were often forced to steal, lie, and carry out all types of schemes to stay alive, fed, and unbeaten. Certainly, no one would claim that all slaves were Christians. The story of the root, as explained above, should be clear proof of that. Not all slave owners were Christians, so there would be no need to expect that they would teach, or force, their slaves to believe what they did not. However, this question is more about Douglass himself than any other slave. How could he condone the unscrupulous actions of any slave, and still be a Christian himself?The answer is fairly simple. Douglass made a distinction in types of Christianity. He saw the Christianity practiced in the â€Å"slaveholding† portion of the United States as a corruption of the â€Å"Christianity of Christ† (Douglass, 81). He went so far as to say that â€Å"to be a friend of the one, is of necessity to be the enemy of the other† (Douglass, 81). From this comment, we can see that Douglass did not have problems with what slaves had to do to stay alive or escape because he could not in good faith recognize the Christianity of his captors as true Christianity.In truth, why would he have any reason to do so? Douglass related many experiences in his life that had been touched by the slave holders brand of Christianity. He endeavored to start a Sunday School for his fellow slaves, and it was broken up by the â€Å"Christian† slave owners because the slaves were learning to read and write (Douglass, 59). His grandmother was sent off to live and die by herself when she was old and of no use to her owner, and all because her former owner, a â€Å"Christian,† had not bothered to release her upon his death (Douglass, 39-41).He saw women beaten unmercifully, and felt the scars and sores left by the repeated abuse (Douglass, 33). He was separated from his own mother as a small child, and allowed to see her only four or five times in his life, and then only at night because her owner would not give her a pass to be late to the fields (Douglass, 13-14). After everything he went through, how could he not consider the Christianity of most of the white men he encountered to be a false, ugly thing?Simply put, Douglass could advocate the non-Christian behavior of the slaves because they were working against a great evil, in his opinion. The battle was not between two groups that believed the same way. It was between two groups that were at desperate odds with each other. Neither one had any respect or kind thoughts for each other, so it might as well have been two completely different religions instead of one. Douglass could see that difference, so he could not be bothered to chide his fellow man for disobeying their masters.In his mind, it was the right thing to do. Douglass mentions in his narrative that he considered being a slave to a religious owner one of the worst things that could ever happen to him (Douglass, 57). It has been fully discussed why Douglass did not see slave owners as having the same type of Christianity he did, but in some instances, such as when he left Mr. Covey and went to work for Mr. Freeland, he claimed that slave owners who were not religious were far and above the best kind to work for (Douglass, 57).We may ask the question, why were religious slave owners so much worse than non-religious ones? To help us understand this situation, Douglass gives several examples of the atrocities committed by â€Å"religious† owners, and the reasons given for their abhorrent behavior. A Reverend Daniel Weeden and Reverend Rigby Hopkins, both Methodist preachers, lived near Douglass while he worked for Mr. Freeland (Douglass, 57). Rev. Weeden beat his slaves unmercifully. D ouglass recalled seeing a woman who was beaten so badly and so often that her back was raw for weeks on end (Douglass, 57).Weeden’s motto was â€Å"behave well or behave ill, it is the duty of a master to occasionally whip a slave, to remind him of his master’s authority† (Douglass, 57). Douglass deemed people of this type to be â€Å"cruel and cowardly† (Douglass, 57). Perhaps they were cruel by nature, and cowardly because they hid behind their religion and used it to excuse what they did to innocent people. The Rev. Hopkins would â€Å"whip slaves in advance of deserving it† (Douglass, 58). The smallest things, such as â€Å"a look of dissatisfaction,† would mean that a slave â€Å"had the Devil in him, and it must be whipped out† (Douglass, 58).Beatings were given for equipment malfunctions, such as a plow breaking, not taking off a hat in the presence of a white person, and even suggesting an easier way of doing a task (Douglass, 58). All this was supposed to mean that the slave was getting â€Å"high minded† and deserved punishment (Douglass, 58). Despite the cruel actions of this man, Douglass noted that there was no one â€Å"who made higher professions of religion, or was more active in revivals†¦ or prayed earlier, faster, and longer than this reverend slave driver, Rigby Hopkins† (Douglass, 58). On the other hand, Mr.Freeland did not consider himself to be religious (Douglass, 57). He gave his slaves and hired men plenty to eat, plenty of time in which to eat it, good tools to work with, and made sure that there were enough people to work his land (Douglass, 58). It is not mentioned one time that he beat his slaves. What could all this mean? One would naturally think that Christian people would be kinder to their slaves than non-Christians, but this was evidently not the case. One reason this could be is that the Christian slave owners were trying, as said before, to â€Å"beat the Devil† out of their slaves (Douglass, 58).As per the discussion of the â€Å"root† earlier, it is no surprise that most slaves were members of some pagan, tribal religion. Some denominations felt that it was better to expose their slaves to God instead of removing their suffering in this world (Thevarajah,1). Some owners thought that Christian slaves might be better than pagan slaves, presumably because they would be more obedient and better behaved (Thevarajah, 1). As we know from Douglass, this was not often the case. We can know for certain that the cruelty exuded by Christians on their slaves was not unique to Douglass’s situation.In fact, it was quite common. Looking at another recollection of servitude, this time from a female perspective, Our Nig; Or Sketches From the Life of a Free Black, by Harriet Wilson, expresses the same ideas of suffering under the hand of a Christian family. In Chapter Eight of this touching book, the main character, known mostly as â€Å"Nig,† gets a chance to go out to church meetings and embraces Christianity. However, all the woman she works for can worry about is that â€Å"Nig† will wish to go to church and to meetings on Sunday, making her unavailable for work (Wilson, Chapter 8).When the woman is questioned about her attitude, since she is a Christian herself and goes to church, she states, â€Å"Who ever thought of having a nigger go, except to drive others there? † (Wilson, Chapter 8). Here, perhaps, we find the truth of the matter. Some Christians believed that it was acceptable to make their slaves into Christians, but these Christians would always be inferior, and perhaps more prone to punishment because of the high standards their owners held them up to. Perhaps it is not so much a question of cruelty, but one of ignorance.In a sickeningly perverted way, perhaps some of the brutal slave owners felt that they were doing the right thing by beating their slaves â€Å"straight . † Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is a book that really opens ones eyes to the warping of religious ideas in the light of the era of slavery. There were pagan rituals going on side by side with church services, and Christians who thought it best to be cruel in order to transfer their belief system to the people that they owned.As Douglass noted, there were two kinds of Christianity in the world at that time, they Christianity of slavery and the â€Å"Christianity of Christ. † Hopefully some of those who suffered under cruel masters in the name of salvation were later able to find the true way for themselves. Unfortunately, there are many who never survived to make their own decisions. This is the shame of the slavery era, especially for those who died in the process of their â€Å"salvation. †

A Chinese Cinderella – Autobiographi

In the autobiographical book â€Å"Chinese Cinderella†, the author, Adeline Yen Mah, goes through a lot of hardships and difficulties with her family and life in general. She is not treated as part of her Fathers family and is sent away to live in a boarding school away from them. Adeline’s relationship with her family is very distant and cold, she is unloved and unwanted. No one acknowledges her or shows any heed and sympathy towards her. This relationship is shown in line 28 when she asks ‘Where is everyone? As no one comes to greet her when she arrives home, showing how they are uncaring towards her and do not regard her as family, not even welcoming her arrival or asked if she would like anything. It is almost as if she is a stranger, even to her biological father and siblings who continue to play ‘by the swimming pool’, no one caring about her coming back home. In addition, she is not informed about her family moving home when she asks her Father ’s chauffeur in line 23 ‘Where are we? Her questions show her confusion and little knowledge on what has been happening at home pointing out that her family have not even bothered to write to her. Her other siblings and stepmother are ignorant to her arrival as if she is a stranger and worthless. Being sent to boarding school points out even more that they do not want anything to do with her and would rather not see her because to them she is nothing.Adeline knows this herself as when Ma-mien Valentino calls her to tell her that her ‘chauffeur is waiting to take her home’ she thinks that someone has died because the last time she was called home it was only due to this reason and she begins to fear what might have happened. When she arrives the servants use a rude tone and do not care for her as much as they would for her stepsiblings showing the unfairness, even her father using a commanding tone when he meets his daughter after so long not even welcoming her but orders her to ‘Sit down’ instead.Her father does not regard her as his own daughter but uses her to improve his status with her achievements so when her father speaks to her she becomes timid and afraid, not trusting him when he shows her a little kindness, pointing out the distant relationship between Adeline and her family. Adeline’s character is somewhat cautious she doesn’t trust people too quickly, especially when it comes to the kindness from her family members as she is wary that they are playing a trick on her to make her feel miserable like they did all her life. Although she is not treated well by her family, she s clearly educated and this is shown when she wins a competition and quotes a poem to show her happiness. However, she is modest and keeps her happiness and excitement hidden, showing her timid and humble personality when she comes across her father and hiding what she feels even though it proved to be difficult but because she i s clever and knows her father too well she did not want to miss the one chance she would have in a life time. She respects her father’s wishes as she would do anything to leave the place where she is unwanted though her strong personality keeps her distress that she suffered for years at bay.

Analysis of Japan’s Economic Structure

Analysis of Japans Economic Structure The Japanese economic structure has always been perceived to be both stable and reliable. Despite periods of difficulty, the rules and regulation surrounding the Japanese banking industry have always attempted to deal with any potential problems and to manage them both on an international and national level. However, there is an argument that the stringent nature of the regulation in itself has caused some problems for the sector, with many banks finding themselves in distressed positions having followed the approaches advocated by the central Ministry of Finance. Prior to the difficulties faced in the 1980s, which will be discussed in greater detail later, the Japanese banks largely followed the guidance of the Ministry and felt safe in the knowledge that there was a safety net in place should they fall into financial difficulties. Japanese banking, as a whole, was not particularly profitable and instead operated a cautious, yet extremely stable service. Despite this approach, the Japanese banking sector hit a substantial crisis in the 1980s, shocking not only those within the Japanese banking system, but also those involved in banking arond the globe. By studying the events that caused this period of difficulty and looking more specifically at the activities of one banking group, in particular, it is hoped that lessons can be drawn from the scenario that will prevent similar events happening again. Background to Japanese Banking The bursting of the bubble in the 1980s did not just come from nowhere; in fact, when the banking system within Japan is studied, for many decades before the bubble burst, it is clear to see that the foundations for this difficult time had been laid some considerable time in advance of the events themselves. Post war Japan took a very segmented and internal approach to banking. Very few transactions were conducted internationally, with almost all financing products being offered to Japanese corporations. This worked in the main due t o the mentality of the Japanese people; they were keen savers, therefore, the banks in Japan had a steady flow of funds available to offer financing to Japanese corporations. As a general rule, city banks offered financing to larger corporations, whereas regional banks offered financing to smaller and more local businesses. In fact, international trading was so low down on the agenda that the government used the Bank of Tokyo in the 1950s and 1960s to deal with the foreign exchange needs of the country and to act as the main foreign representative. Banks within Japan worked together, with the long term credit banks offering completely different services to the commercial banks. The banks were very customer orientated, offering financing at incredibly cheap rates to stimulate the economy, often at the expense of the banks’ profitability. All elements of the banking sector were managed closely by the Ministry of Finance which was largely responsible for all rate setting and ban king relationships. Mergers between banks rarely happened and when they did they were often unsuccessful due to the segregated nature of the different banks, thus making it difficult for companies to merge successfully in terms of culture, administration and ethos.

Southwest Airline Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Southwest Airline - Research Paper Example According to Kelly (2008), Southwest Airlines has a code of ethics that is targeted to regulate the way people interact and respond to the different things they encounter in their delivery of services. The code of ethics in the company ensures that the employees develop a culture of responsible service delivery to all their clients. This culture is supposed to ensure that they have developed a code that requires all its employees comply with the law, rules, and regulations that determine when, where and how the action will take place and determine who is to guide the performance of the activity. The code of ethics allows that all the employees should respond to international and local clients according to the orders that are set out by the organizational management to ensure that they are able to deliver services without partiality. Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) seriously deals with aspects of corruption in the company in the company as notes Berger (2011). According to the Southw est Airlines’ code of ethics, there are issues no employees of the company is allowed to make any unwarranted payment to any government official from within the country or even from other places in the world. This code is made to ensure that all acts of corruption are prevented and this is an evidence of the company’s commitment to the delivery of services at a fair competition level. This means that Southwest Airlines Company does not feel threatened by other companies that offer similar services in the market.... that they have developed a code that requires all its employees comply with the law, rules and regulations that determine when, where and how action will take place and determine who is to guide the performance of the activity. The code of ethics allows that all the employees should respond to international and local clients according to the orders that are set out by the organizational management to ensure that they are able to deliver services without partiality. Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) seriously deals with aspects of corruption in the company in the company as notes Berger (2011). According to the Southwest Airlines’ code of ethics, there are issues no employees of the company is allowed to make any unwarranted payment to any government official from within the country or even from other places in the world. This code is made to ensure that all acts of corruption are prevented and this is an evidence of the company’s commitment to the delivery of services at a fair competition level. This means that Southwest Airlines Company is does not feel threatened by other companies that offer similar services in the market. The company has established this code of ethics as a regulation for the members of the society but it has implication on an individual who breaks it because it can amount to a legal offense. This means that the company has a code of ethics that will ensures that it will be able to regulate its internal and external environment (Kelly, 2008). Another ethical issue that form an important aspect of the life of the Southwest Airlines is the aspect that it has a clear stipulation on how it will compete honestly with other companies. For example, they offer the opportunity to customers to change their tickets prior to charging as opposed to other

How has information communications technology (ICT) changed the way Essay

How has information communications technology (ICT) changed the way students communicate & learn - Essay Example With civilization, humans have leveraged on technology to enhance their communication and learning. It is no wonder Bray (2007) acknowledge that in the current century, Internet and mobile technology have transformed the interaction, working and learning among humans. Just as other sectors of the economy have invested immensely in ICT in the modern world, the education sector has also invested in ICT in the recent years. Acknowledging this trend, the World Bank (2013) attributes this to the general ability of ICT to empower teachers and learners thus positively impacting on educational achievement. ICT promotes communication and learning among students thus presenting immense benefits. First, ICT enhances international collaboration among students. Bray (2007) observes that ICT is the reason for a more social modern society. Student tutors easily mentor students from other countries, the same way students from different countries effectively share educational information leveraging on ICT capabilities as documented by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, UIS (2014). This practice enhances and diversifies the scope of learning. Furthermore, ICT makes learning materials more available. The World Bank Group (2013) refers to access of information as the main use of ICT with regards to education. Indeed, UIS (2014) affirms the availability of open source textbooks and even teacher guides on the Internet. This enables students to easily access the required learning resources. Finally, ICT supports learning objectives. One of such objectives includes the acquisition of up-to-date informa tion that would make students resourceful in a practical work set-up. According to the World Bank Group (2013), ICT has enabled teachers to access relevant, timely and continuous professional development. This enables them to explore new knowledge base, developing new

Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Story - Essay Example r which diseases are to be considered rare as a disease may be seen as rare in a one part of the globe, or in a specific population of people but remain common in a different one. Prevalence, which defines the number of people affected by a disease at a certain time, rather than incidence, which denotes the number of diagnoses in a particular year, is issued in the description of rare diseases and this has resulted in estimates that rare diseases affect more than three hundred million people all over the world. Since the prevalence of rare diseases varies between different populations, a disease that is rarely diagnosed in one population may be very common in a different population. This is particularly true in the case of genetic diseases as well as infectious diseases such as cystic fibrosis, which is a genetic disease that is rare in Asia but comparatively common in Europe and people who originate from the continent (Posada de la Paz & Groft, 2010). Numerous infectious diseases are prevalent in specific geographic areas but rare in the rest of the areas while other diseases including numerous rare forms of cancer do not have a specific pattern of distribut ion, as they are just rare. Categorization of additional conditions is dependent partly on the population that is being considered, with all types of cancer in children typically being considered rare as a limited number of children develop cancer but similar forms of cancer may be more prevalent in the adults. Most of the rare diseases are genetic; an estimated eighty percent, and this makes them chronic while other diseases that are rare occur as a result of people being infected and being allergic to certain things or from causes that are degenerative and proliferative. The categorization of the degree of a disease’s rarity is dependent upon the population under study, additionally; signs and symptoms of a number of the rare diseases might be seen at birth or during childhood while others only become

Practice reflections essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Practice reflections - Essay Example An acute ward is a relatively chaotic place with rapid turnover and different levels of psychotic intensity that needs every sane attempt to engage closely with madness. So we can see and hear different behaviors and different stories in a variety of communication patterns. The only thing that an acute nurse maintains is tact and respect to the patient's person to maintain order and avoid abuse in any form. I was struck by the variety of scenes and hope these people will get back to reality and live a normal healthy life. My third placement was at an elderly care where most of them are sick of Alzheimer or Korsakoff syndrome. It was a different scene then. Everything seems to be quite and we seem to get the cooperation of the patients. But we have to make sure we attend to their personal needs and really have to monitor their medications and activities. Alzheimer's disease affects their control for thought, memory, and language and so they have trouble remembering recent events or the names of familiar people or things in their lives. Even the simple tasks of combing their hair or brushing their teeth or even taking a bath are being forgotten by them. They have problems speaking and understanding that they just wander or sit still when their moods are not being aggressive or anxious. I can just smile recalling the repetitive inquiries for my name. I can just smile recalling giving multiple and same line of introductions to these patients. It is like taking care of big babies. The most unpleasant part is cleaning them after they defecate. For sure the smell is not the same as those of the babies. Taking every scene I encountered lightly and with openness of heart and mind will make me want to help them and express forms of sympathy to their medical conditions. I wouldn't want to be a member of these wards, by the grace of God, no. It is too much to bear being a patient and too much emotion of hurt and stress thinking about the provision of care for these patients in the part of the family or relative. Korsakoff's disease level with Alzheimer's in memory loss due to dietary deficiency of Thiamin or Vitamin B1. It creates damage to several brain areas that is critical to memory. All the same they tend to ask your name every encounter. There were numerous staff approaches in maintaining therapeutic treatment and in establishing therapeutic relationship. We have to get their trust and maintain a friendly atmosphere between us so they cannot be too aggressive or violent whenever they dislike something especially with patients placed in the acute wards. I have noted and cared for some patients from the time of their admission until their discharge. In my four weeks assignment placement, I can see that some have come back and was readmitted again. We are being listed for reflections sessions as part of the placement under practice facilitators. At the wards, we also have mentors and been given Practice Based Assignments (PBA) papers. Here we discuss and reflect what we have seen and learned from the ward, an open forum in cases of clarifications of some issues until they get to sign our individual PBA's. For their respective care delivery, we are just observers and taking notes of the medications and techniques on how to inject

Christianity and Its Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Christianity and Its Development - Essay Example Some authorities hold the view that Galerius, rather than Diocletian, was the instigator of the persecution. "It is not without a deep moral significance," claims ProfessorWilliam Bright in The Age of the Fathers, "that the supreme effort of the pagan world-power to trample out the life of the Kingdom that is not of this world should bear the name of Diocletian, rather than of its true originator Galerius." Yet, even within the tetrarchy, Diocletian retained supreme control, as writer Stephen Williams asserts: "There is no doubt that Diocletian had control of every major policy in the Empire until 304, and has the major responsibility for the persecution until that date." Diocletian fell sick and eventually relinquished control in 305C.E. For some six years thereafter, the continuing persecution reflected Galerius' bitter hatred of all things Christian. These horrific events early in the fourth century confirm what had been predicted by the apostles Paul and Peter, as well as other inspired writers. The foretold "man of lawlessness,"the ruling clergy class of professed Christians, was already entrenched, as Diocletian's edicts, particularly the second, testify. (2Thessalonians 2:3,4; Acts 20:29,30; 2Peter 2:12) By the fourth century, apostate practices were already commonplace. Not a few professed Christians were members of the Roman army. Were there no Christians back then who were faithful to "the pattern of healthful words" received from the apostles Eusebius names some of the victims of the persecution, even graphically describing their torture, suffering, and eventual martyrdom. Whether all these martyrs died in integrity to the revealed truth available at that time, we cannot presently know. No doubt some had taken to heart Jesus' warnings to avoid sectarianism, immorality, and compromise of any sort. Evidently, some faithful ones who survived remained hidden from historic view. Indeed, so successful were the measures to stifle public Christian worship that a Spanish monument of the period hails Diocletian for having 'abolished the superstition of Christ.' Nevertheless, efforts to seize and destroy copies of the Scriptures, a key aspect of Diocletian's attack on Christianity, failed to wipe out God's Word completely. Unsuccessful in completely obliterating Christianity, Satan the Devil, the ruler of the world, continued his crafty acts through Emperor Constantine, who ruled from 306 to 337C.E. Pagan Constantine did not fight the Christians. Rather, he found it expedient to fuse pagan and Christian beliefs into a new State religion. Ever since then, the mixing of beliefs has caused many of the Christians to actually find the effect of the situation to have directly created measures of failure on their midst making their beliefs seem a bit blurry for the next generation that came after them. Nevertheless, there were those who remained in the faith ho knew tha t they needed to stick to what they know is right rather than accepting what is being taught of them to be right. This in itself is already a sense of persecution that is largely brought about by the division of the church.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 18

Project Management - Essay Example Based on the assessment, project improvement plans are designed (P3M3, 2014). In such context, the study will use a case organization to understand the functionality of Project Management Maturity Model in real world business project scenario. The case organization is Construction Company that specializes in handling real estate and facility management projects. For sake of confidentiality, name and operational detail of the Construction Company will not be revealed throughout this paper. AXELOS Limited (2013) reported that P3M3 involves three types of managements such as, 1- Portfolio Management (management control, financial management and benefits management), 2- Programme Management (financial management, risk management and stakeholder engagement) and 3- Project Management (risk management, organizational governance and resource management). These three models are self sufficient and there are no interdependencies between them. Therefore, independently assessing particular management model does not decrease importance of other management models. Interesting fact is that organizational maturity and project management maturity are conceptualized as divergent ideas. Organizational maturity is defined as comparative level of advancement for organizations such as using actively used policies, having established practices and standards. More mature organizations are expected to have well established standards, policies, organizational hierarchy and practices (Demir an d KocabaÅŸ, 2010; Kerzner, 2013 and Cooke-Davies and Arzymanow, 2003). On contrary, Project Management Institute (2007) defined project management maturity as the phase where organizations successfully initiate projects, plan activities, execute planned activities, monitor outcome of activities and control outcome of individual projects. Therefore, it can be assumed that organizations get assurance of continuous improvement during project management maturity

Catalonia's Parliament Abolish Bullfighting Essay

Catalonia's Parliament Abolish Bullfighting - Essay Example The ban which took effect in January 2012 caused a lot of controversy, criticism and debates within Catatonia. The activities which led to the acceleration of the ban include the national anti-bullfighting movements and the cries of the animal rights activists. There were also international influence from individuals and groups who considered this tradition and activity as a total violation of the rights of animals and unnecessary risk on the lives of the participants. A review of the bull fighting tradition in the region demonstrates that it contributed significantly to the tourism and hotel industry. This is attributed to the fact that the bullfighting activities attracted tourists within Spain and from abroad who came to witness and participate in the bullfighting activities. In this regard therefore I do not agree with the ban of the bullfighting tradition. This is because of its economic and social cultural significance of the tradition to the people of Catalonia and Spain in ge neral. It is therefore arguable that the legislators of the region should have considered the benefits that the bullfighting tradition had for Catalonia before they would make a historic decision of passing the ban on this tradition. The important considerations that would have been put in mind by the legislators are the number of people who lost their employment and source of income within the bullfighting industry in addition to the negative implication that this had on the economy. The anti cruelty campaigns within Spain and other parts of the world are attributed to the ban on the bullfighting tradition in Catalonia. These campaigns have been staged for a long time and therefore the decision of the parliament on the ban was caused by the pressure of these bans. It is therefore reasonable to argue that the parliamentarians were responding to the voices and pressures of the activists and the animal rights groups instead of the actual implications that the bullfighting tradition ha d on the social economic aspects of the region. It is therefore evident that without the external pressure, the legislatures would not have decided to ban the tradition. This is due to the economic benefits and the cultural significance that the bullfighting exercise had on Catalonia. Because of the ban, the unique cultural identity of this region which led to the attraction of tourists to this region was lost. This means that the government and the economy in general experienced a negative impact from the ban which forms a reason why I do not support it. The arguments that were put forward by the supporters of the ban include postulations that Catalonia should adopt modern culture instead of the bullfighting which was considered cruel (Igor 1). In line of this, it is arguable that the people of Catalonia should not have been mandated to abandon their culture because it is this same culture which made them unique from the rest of the world communities and societies. In addition, thi s culture had been passed to the people of Catalonia from their forefathers for centuries. Therefore it is evident that the basis of a modern culture as an argument for the ban is not justifiable. Therefore the legislatures should have considered the need for the Catalonia people to preserve their conserved culture rather than submitting to the pressures of people and groups from other cultures who had no comprehension of the local culture and what it meant to the people of Catalonia. Many individuals and groups were affected by the ban of the bullfighting tradition. These include fans within Catalonia, the larger Spain and the rest of the w

Role Of Price Mechanism Essay Example for Free

Role Of Price Mechanism Essay The role of price mechanism in a free market economy or capitalism! The price system functions through prices of both goods and services. Prices determine the production of innumerable goods and services. They organise production and help in the distribution of goods and services, ration out the supplies of goods and services and provide for economic growth. Let us analyse the role of prices in all these spheres. (1) What and How Much to Produce: The first function of prices is to resolve the problem of what to produce and in what quantities. This involves allocation of scarce resources in relation to the composition â€Å"of total output in the economy. Since resources are scarce, the society has to decide about the goods to be produced: wheat, cloth, roads, television, power, buildings, and so on. Once the nature of goods to be produced is decided, then their quantities are to be decided. How many kilos of wheat, how many million metres of cloth, how many kilometers of roads, now many televisions, how many million kw of power, how many buildings, etc. Since the resources of the economy are scare, the problem of the nature of goods and their quantities has to be decided on the basis of priorities or preferences of the society. If the society gives priority to the production of more consumer goods now, it will have less in the future. A higher priority on capital goods implies less consumer goods now and more in the future. This problem can be explained with the help of the production possibility curve, as shown in Figure 7.1. Suppose the economy produces capital goods and consumer goods. In deciding the total output of the economy, the society has to choose that combination of capital and consumer goods which is in keeping with its resources. It cannot choose the combination R which is inside the production possibility curve PP, because it reflects economic inefficiency of the system in the form of unemployment of resources. Nor can it choose the combination K which is outside the current production possibilities of the society. The society lacks the resources to produce this combination of capital and consumer goods. It will have, therefore, to choose among the combinations B, C or D which give the highest level of satisfaction. If the society decides to have  more capital goods, it will choose combination B and if it wants more consumer goods, it will choose combination D. (2) How to Produce: The next task of prices is to determine the techniques to be used for the production of articles. Prices of factors are the rewards received by them. Wage is the price for the service of labour, rent is the price for the service of land, interest for the service of capital and profit for the service of entrepreneur. Thus wages, rent, interest and profit are the prices paid by the entrepreneur for the services of the factors of production which make up the costs of production. Every producer aims at using the most efficient productive process. An economically efficient production process is one which produces goods with the minimum of costs. The choice of a production process will depend upon the relative prices of the factor services and the quantities of goods to be produced. A producer uses expensive factor services in smaller quantities relative to cheap resources. In order to reduce costs of production, he substitutes cheaper resources for the dearer. If capital is relatively cheaper than labour, the producer will use a capital-intensive production â€Å"process. Contrariwise, if labour is relatively cheaper than capital, labour-intensive production processes will be used. The technique to be used also depends upon the type and quantity of goods to be produced. For producing capital goods and large outputs, complicated and expensive machines and techniques are required. On the other hand, simple consumer goods and small outputs require small and less expensive machines and comparatively simple techniques. (3) To Determine Income Distribution: The price mechanism also determines how income is distributed in a capitalist economy. In such an economy, consumers and producers are largely the same people. Producers â€Å"sell goods at given prices to consumers for money, and consumers receive â€Å"incomes from producers in exchange for their services. The owners of factors of production who are all consumers sell their services at given prices for money to producers, and then spend that money to buy goods produced by producers. In fact, the price mechanism is a system of real flows from producers to consumers and from consumers to producers. This figure shows the price mechanism in the form of a circular flow. The  upper portion determines the prices on the goods market when the demand for goods by consumers equals the supply of goods by producers. It is this which decides what to produce. The decision as to how to produce is entirely taken by the producers. The lower portion of the figure shows that consumers or households are the controllers of the factors of production—land, labour, capital and entrepreneurial talent. It is they who supply their services to producers who demand them and in return the households receive money. This is how prices are determined on the factor market. Conclusion: Thus the price mechanism working through supply and demand in a free enterprise economy acts as the principal organising force. It determines what to produce and how much to produce. It determines the rewards of the factor services. It brings about an equitable distribution of income by causing resources to be allocated in right directions. It works to ration out the existing supplies of goods and services, utilises the economy’s resources fully and provides the means for economic growth. Price Mechanism in a Socialist or Controlled Economy: In a socialist economy, the decisions as to what, how and for whom to produce are not guided by the price mechanism as under a capitalist economy. Instead, they are made by the central planning board assisted by the various ministries, industries and state enterprises. Thus it is the central planning board that performs the functions of the market. The decisions as to what to produce and in what quantities are based on the objectives, targets and priorities laid down in the plan. The central planning authority decides, for example, if more bicycles are to be produced than cars, or houses for the masses more than hotels, or more eggs are to be produced than chocolates. It also fixes prices for all commodities. They are administered prices at which commodities are sold in state-run stores throughout the country. Administered prices are fixed arbitrarily by the central planning board without calculating the actual cost of production of commodities. Prices can be reduced or increased onl y by the central planning authority. People buy commodities according to their preferences and incomes. The decision as how to produce different commodities is also taken by the central planning authority. The latter allocates resources and decides which  methods of production to employ. What share of the factors of production should be allocated to the production of capital goods and what share to the production of consumer goods? The planning board lays down two rules for the guidance of plant managers. One, each manager should combine productive goods and services in such a manner that the average cost of producing a given output is the minimum. Two, each manager should choose that scale of output which equalises marginal cost to price. He must see to it that the industry produces exactly as much of a commodity as can be sold at a price which equals the marginal cost. In a socialist economy, raw materials, machines and other inputs are sold by public enterprises at prices which are equal to their marginal cost of production. So pricing in a socialist economy is based on the marginal cost pricing like that in a capitalist economy. If the price or cost of a commodity is above its average cost, the plant managers will earn profits and if it is below the average cost of production, they will incur losses. In the former case, the industry would expand and in the latter case it would cut down production. Ultimately, a position of equilibrium will be reached where price equals both the average cost and the marginal cost of production. But since goods are produced in anticipation of demand, it is accounting prices which are the basis of price determination. This, in turn, depends on the process of trial and error which necessitates small adjustments in prices from time to time. The problem for whom to produce is also solved by the state in a socialist economy. The central planning authority takes this decision at the time of deciding what and how much to produce in accordance with the overall objectives of the p lan. In making this decision, social preferences are given weight-age. In other words, higher weight-age is given to the production of those goods and services which are needed by the majority of the people over luxury items. They are based on the minimum needs of the people, and are sold at fixed prices through government stores. Since goods are produced in anticipation of demand, an increase in demand brings about shortages and this leads to rationing. The problem of income distribution is automatically solved in a socialist economy because all resources are owned and regulated by the state. All interest, rent and profit are fixed by the state and go to the state exchequer. As regard wages, they are also fixed by the state according to the amount and quality of work done by an individual.  Each individual is paid according to his ability and work. Economic surpluses are deliberately created and invested for capital formation and economic growth. Price Mechanism in a Mixed Economy: A mixed economy solves the problem of what to produce and in what quantities in two ways. First, the market mechanism (i.e. forces of demand and supply) helps the private sector in deciding what commodities to produce and in what quantities. In those spheres of production where the private sector competes with the public sector, the nature and quantities of commodities to be produced are also decided by the market mechanism. Second, the central planning authority decides the nature and quantities of goods and services to be produced where the public sector has a monopoly. In the case of consumer and capital goods, commodities arc produced in anticipation of social preferences. Prices are fixed by the central planning authority on the principle of profit-price policy. There are administered prices which are raised or lowered by the state. For public utility services like electricity, railways, water, gas, communications, etc., the state fixes their rates or prices on no-profit no-loss basis. The problem of how to produce goods and services is also solved partly by the price mechanism and partly by the state. The profit motive determines the techniques of production in the private sector. At the same time, the central planning authority intervenes and influences the working of the market mechanism. The state guides and provides various facilities to the private sector for adopting such techniques of production which may reduce costs and maximise output. It is the state which decides where to use capital-intensive techniques and where to use labour-intensive techniques in the public sector. The problem for whom to produce is also decided partly by the market mechanism and partly by the central planning authority. In the private sector, it is the market mechanism which determines what goods and services are to be produced on the basis of consumer preferences and incomes. Since a mixed economy aims at achieving growth with social justice, the allocation of resources is not left entirely to the market mechanism. The state intervenes to allocate resources â€Å"and for the distribution of income. For this, it adopts social security programmes and levies progressive taxes on income and wealth. In the public sector, the state decides for whom to  produce in anticipation of consumer preferences.

Oedipus Rex Essay Example for Free

Oedipus Rex Essay Oedipus Rex was written during the fifth century. A time when Rome was in power and Athens was the center of the world. In this time people beleived that gods controlled all. Fate and destiny could never be escaped and as is shown in this play, no one can change their own destiny. The fact that this play takes place in less than one days time means that many desicions are made in a rash and uninformed fashion. After finding out that his destiny has been fulffiled Oedipus blinds himself out of pain and the wish that he would never look upon the misery and horror that he himself has unknowingly created. The play is set in Thebes, recently a great powerfull city, but has been stuck by sickness and death. Most of the action takes place within the coutyard of the Kings palace. This setting represents power and arrogance. The fact that Oedipus does not go to anyone, everyone, including his wife comes to him suggests this arrogance. He still fears the destiny foretold to him, but he beleives that he can change that destiny by staying away from his family. Pg. 59 line 360 tells of this fear and belief. As, that I should lie with my own mother, breed children from whom all men would turn their eyes; And that I should be my fathers murderer. I heard all this, and fled. And from that day Corinth to me was ony in the stars. Descending in that quarter of the sky, as I wandered farther and farther on my way to a land where I should never see the evil sung by the oracle. Most other men in this time would except their fate, but his arrogance will not let him. His beleif that he can cheat fate is ultimatly what is destroying the people of Thebes. Oedipuss family is a complicated tangle of lies made by people who also tried to cheat fate. The family that he beleives is his own in fact is not. The fact that he is even alive to recieve this family is not supposed to be. He left his adoptive parents never to return once he learned of his destiny thinking that he could prevent this from comming true. He denied to himself the knowledge that these were not his real parents. This is told on Pg. 59 line 345 At a feast, a drunken man maundering in his cups cries out that I am not my fathers son. I contained myself that night, thought I felt anger and a sinking heart. This tells me that in his heart he knew that it was a true statement but could not admit it to himself. His true father was Liaos, King of Thebes. Liaos had been told of his fate by the oracle that he would be killed by his own son. So like father like son, Liaos also tried to cheat fate as told by Iokoste on Pg. 59 line 260 But his child had not been three days in this world before the King had pierced the babys ankles and left him to die on a lonely mountainside. Oedipus celebrated the death of his father and therefore his succesfull escape from the prophesies of the oracle. But as he was told this news he was also told again that he was not his fathers son. The messenger on Pg 62 line 137 states Polybos is not your. father. This conversation continues on to tell the tale of how he was found as a child by a shepard with his ankles bound by a skewer. Polybos who had no children took in this baby as his own. This is when Oedipus finally starts to reallize that he was Liaoss son but he will not accept it until he confirms this with the shepard who had found him. Iokaste, his wife obviously realizes that his destiny has become fullfilled and that she is not only his wife but his mother as well. She is angry and wishes that Oedipus will not know the truth of his parentage. She states on PG. 62 line 217. You are fatally wrong! May you never learn who you are! But as oedipus speaks with the shepherd he learns again of his horrible fate. on Pg 64 beginning at line 110 Oedipus finally admits to himself after being told numerous times that he has already unknowingly fufilled his own destiny. Shepherd : For if you are what this man says you are, no man living is more wretched and oedipus. Oedipus: Ah God! It is true! All the prophecies! Now, O light , may I look on you for the last time! I, Oedipus, Oedipus, damned in his birth, in his marriage, damned, damned in the blood he shed with his own hand!

The Respiratory Lungs Buffer Response Biology Essay

The Respiratory Lungs Buffer Response Biology Essay Acid-base balance is predominantly maintained through several physiologic methods that might be distress by occurrences such as severe ailments or injury. To maintain pH amid the normal scale of around 7.35-7.45, the development of acidic surroundings must be either cushioned or excreted. The instruction of acid-base equilibrium remains overseen by three critical processes, namely: buffer system, respiratory, and renal methods. The paper investigates the role of the lungs in overseeing stabilization of blood pH. Carbon dioxide (CO2) derives from typical body metabolic processes. Once oxygen is inhaled, and CO2 is exhaled, the blood transports the oxygen or carbon dioxide either to the lungs and/or body tissues. Disturbances in the processes impacts on CO2 intensities and HCO3- are expected to produce acid-base disparities (Raymond 2010, p.244). An outstanding system through which the body exploits to direct pH entails the discharge of CO2 from the lungs. The brain adjusts the magnitude of CO2 exhaled by guiding the pace and intensity of breathing. This forces the lungs to either augment or lessen the tempo and intensity of ventilation until the appropriate quantity of carbon dioxide has been re-instituted. The magnitude of CO2 released influences the pH of the blood, which heightens as breathing, turns out to be fast, and profound (Chatterjea and Shinde 2012, p.713). In adjusting, the pace and deepness of breathing, the brain plus the lungs direct the blood pH. The Respiratory (Lungs) Buffer Response Usually, blood pH ranges in the region of 7.4 (slightly alkaline). In the event that pH levels drop to 7.6, then body cells are likely to cease functioning. It is obvious that blood pH levels 7.9 are lethal even if they last for a short time, which renders it essential to gain equilibrium in pH levels (Sherwood 2007, p.11). The competence of the body to handle every pH adjustment is steered by three indispensable factors, namely: the lungs, the kidneys, and buffers. In the event that a strong acid manifest, the bicarbonate-carbonic acid, which yields an overall rise of carbonic acid that dissociates into CO2 and H2O. An augmentation of H+ within the blood triggers the medulla to augment the respiratory tempo that assists CO2 eradication (Brown et al. 2011, p.323). In the event that pH stays high relative to an augmentation in HCO3-, the respiratory centre holds back, and consequently the respiratory tempo lessens (Raymond 2010, p.245). This enhances CO2 retention in which it becomes accessible to form carbonic acid that cushions the surplus bicarbonate. The respiratory system consequently balances the registered alterations within pH transmitted to metabolic disorders by regulating Pco2 that alters the bicarbonate carbonic acid proportion. Nonetheless, the respiratory system cannot orchestrate any loss or an augmentation of hydrogen ions. Buffers direct molecules that admit or discharge ions in order to maintain the H+ ion absorption at a certain level. Buffers facilitate to saturate up additional H+ ions with the majority buffer entailing a fusion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion (HCO3). CO2 derives carbonic acid (H2CO3) when is liquefies in water and operates as an acid releasing hydrogen ions (H+) when necessitated (Lew 2010, p.31). The respiratory system pursues sustenance of appropriate blood pH, in the event that the bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer system fails to react quick enough to stabilize the registered pH interferences, processes such as hyper/hypoventilation can be induced to direct the amount of carbonic acid contained in the blood (Rhoades and Bell 2013, p.454). The respiratory centre reacts by varying levels of H2CO3- within the blood. Hyperventilation makes the body to breathe out and remove CO2 from the bloodstream, through the lungs. The expulsion of carbon dioxide diminishes acidity within the blood pH. The reverse method transpires in cases of hypoventilation that leads to the withholding of CO2 within the blood (Lew 2010, p.32). The CO2 becomes carbonic acid when it dwells within the blood and combines with water. In the event that carbon dioxide is retained, then the acidic intensity of the blood increases. This amplified acid bears the capability to buffer any excess base that registers within the blood. In the event that the blood alkalinity rises, then hypoventilation may involve a pertinent way to neutralize it and overturn the progression so that the blood pH returns to usual levels (Chatterjea and Shinde 2012, p.714). Constituents that control acid-base stability comprise protein, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorous. Cells and body fluids inside the body entail acid-base buffers that assist in the deterrence of speedy modifications inside the body fluid pH over short episodes until the kidneys and pulmonary systems can achieve appropriate alterations. The kidneys, as well as the pulmonary system toil to uphold acid-base equilibrium by means of excretion contained by the urine or respiration (Plowman and Smith 2008, p.279). The temporary pressure of PCO2 amid the pulmonary system can be measured with a blood sample and links with blood CO2 levels. PCO2 can then be utilized as a marker of the intensity of acid within the body. Common Diseases and Disorders Acid-base disparities surge principally from either metabolic or respiratory malfunctions. An amplification of HCO3- designates metabolic alkalosis whereas a decline in a similar substance outlines metabolic acidosis. An increase in PCO2 is leads to respiratory acidosis, whereas a decline in a parallel element is designated as respiratory alkalosis. Mostly, respiratory alkalosis originates from hyperventilation, and the means of stabilization incorporating kidneys preserving developed quantities of HCO3- to amplify pH (Brown et al. 2011, p.324). Respiratory acidosis, on the other hand, may flow from respiratory depression activated by under-ventilation, and the form entailing kidneys excreting augmented quantities of HCO3- to diminish pH. Conclusion A significant constituent of blood marks its intensity of acidity or alkalinity in which the blood acidity increases when the intensity of acidity compounds within the body swells (through augmented uptake or creation, or curtailed exclusion) or when the intensity of crucial (alkaline) compounds inside the body plunges (via diminished intake or augmented removal). Body alkalinity grows with the overturning of the processes. Ventilation plays an indispensable function in maintaining pH stability. The respiratory system can inspire modifications in pH levels amid a period of about 1-3 minutes and can eliminate or preserve CO2 (that automatically impacts on the acid-base status) more promptly and competently relative to all other buffer systems.

Edgar Degas :: essays research papers

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas was born on July 19, 1834, at 8 rue Saint-George's in Paris. His father, Auguste, a banker, was French, and his mother, CÃ ©lestine, an American from New Orleans. The family name "Degas" had been changed to "De Gas" by some family members in Naples and France in order to sound more aristocratic; the preposition indicated a name derived from land holdings. Degas went back to using the original spelling sometime after 1870, and that is how we spell his name today.He was destined for a law career, but instead entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where he studies with Louis Lamothe. There he became a painter and sculptor. Degas was associated with the Impressionists, taking an active part in there firsts exhibitions, but his individual choice of subject matter, handling of composition, and emphasis of drawing distinguished his works from theirs. He worked with a number of media: oil, pastel, lithography, engraving, and sculpture. From the mid-1850s through the mid-1870s Degas explored many types of subject matter. He copied works by earlier artists and executed his own history paintings, portraits, and scenes of daily life. Degas eventually ended his efforts at history painting and devoted more attention to portraiture, turning images of relatives and friends into complex psychological studies.His oils and pastels depict the inhabitants of the world of sports, business, ballet, and the cafes in their self-conscious posturing and characteristic gestures. He has numerous paintings of jockeys, dancers, laundresses and prostitutes. Another favorite subject was a model at her bath. Degas' observation of movement resulted in the radical compositions that preserved the character of his subjects. As Degas' subject matter became more contemporary, so did his artistic style. Early on, Degas presents people as individuals, whereas works from the mid-1870s on categorize women in particular according to their professions. The laundresses, milliners, and dancers represent types rather than specific individuals. Degas' handling of paint and use of color also become bolder and more experimental. Degas' collection of repeated poses and postures speaks to his preoccupation with texture, color, and form.In the later years of his life, despite failing eyesight, he continues to paint his women models in varied, unarranged poses. Soon after he began to let him self go. He stopped caring for his dress or trimming his beard. He had chronic bronchitis and bladder problems. Degas continued to work as long as he was in the house of Rue Victor-Masse.

Define and discuss the traditional role of a narrator Within a Blood Es

Define and discuss the traditional role of a narrator Within a Blood Brothers. Compare the role of the narrator in the Play Blood Brothers and consider how you Would present the narrator to an audience if you were the director. Blood Brothers Essay Define and discuss the traditional role of a narrator. Within a Blood Brothers. Compare the role of the narrator in the Play Blood Brothers and consider how you. Would present the narrator to an audience if you were the director. The dictionary definition of narrate – VT (a story) to tell, relate; to give an account of; (film, TV) to provide a spoken commentary for narration n – narrator n... The tradition of narration came from the Greek chorus. Their were thirteen people in the chorus; all singing and dancing. The chorus which served as the narrator, asked probing questions, and also gave great advice to the heroes. If there was any violence it was merely narrated. The purpose of the narrator is to fill in the audience and let them know what is going on. Narration is one of the most important components of a story. The characters, plot, setting, and theme are also significant; however the narrator sets the mood and also the pace of the story. In Blood Brothers the narrator plays a variety of roles for example sometimes he is at a higher status than them and also is sometimes very negative. The original Greek narrator was in a chorus which consisted of thirteen people, in the play blood brothers the narrator also sang with the characters. They usually stayed as part of the chorus or on the side of the stage. They knew everything about the characters sometimes they could see into the future like in blood brothers the narrator was preparing the audience for what was going to come next in act 4 Scene 1. They usually spoke the beginning and end of the play he narrated the beginning of the play to set the scene and at the end he was the last one to speak before they both died. In act 1 scene 1 the narrator is a storyteller. He also sounds, very negative in what he is saying as he says ‘ Brother parted from brother’ ‘Wrenched apart’ ‘A stone in the place of a heart’ which is negative she gave him away because she didn’t think she would be able to cope and also because of money as well as her other seven children. I feel that the narrator is being very hars... ...lk around so he would be in with the cast to show the equality in status at times. He would have a deep voice as many people see god as having a deep voice and as he is controlling the families and is a higher status and people see god to be in the sky. My narrator would appear at the beginning and at the end of the play he would also appear to sing with the characters he would also be standing on the balcony at the side when he would be controlling the families I would also want him to interact with the characters so I would also having him walking around in between the characters when they are frozen and he is explaining to the audience what is happening. For the body language if I was showing the bad sign off him I would make him stand in one place at a higher status staring down at the characters but if he’s in a good mood I want him walking around interacting with the characters. I would also give him a strong accent and he would also talk loud as that’s how many people see god. Conclusion The understanding of the narrator has helped me to analyse this dramatic technique by setting the scene and also explaining to the audience what is going on.

Why Do Convenient Stores Have Locks On Their Doors If They Are Always :: essays research papers

Why Do Convenient Stores Have Locks On Their Doors If They Are Always Open? At 1:30 in the morning you are driving down Walton Road when you pass the 7-11. You decide to stop in and treat yourself to a nice big slurpee. As you pull in the parking lot you notice that the sign says, "We're open 24 hr's, 7 days a week, 365 days a year." However, when you reach the door you notice that they have locks on the doors and you think to yourself, why do convenient stores have locks on their doors if they're going to be open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year? If they're never going to close then they have no need for locks on the doors. This will only cause an inconvenience for employees and customers. The idea of adding locks onto the doors is only going to cost the store more money. Also, it would give the managers one extra key on their already big key chain that they really have no use for. Since they are open every second of the year, they never need to lock the doors between shifts. When one person's shift is over then the next person will come in and take over. It's not like most stores where at night when the store closes they lock the doors and go home. Then, in the morning whoever is going to be opening comes in and unlocks the store and gets it ready for the first customers of the day. This situation would never happen at a store that is open all the time because there always has to be someone working. On a rare occasion, the store might need to the lock the doors if someone outside is causing trouble. However, if they locked the doors and wouldn't let any customers in they would be lying saying that they're open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year. Doing this would cause the store to lose money because no one could then get into the store. By adding locks onto the doors would also make people think that sometimes they do close, like on holidays. On almost all national holidays like Thanksgiving and Christmas, stores will be closed to allow their valued employees time off to spend with family. If this was the case then some people might avoid shopping there on holidays in fear that when they get there they will be closed. Then they would have to drive all the way to another store

Do you consider the metrics organizations measure to be valuable Essay

In order to develop a valuable HR metrics/performance measurement system it is imperative that organizations focus on their competitive strategy and operational goals, and should clearly define what employee competencies and behaviors are required to attain the above objective. (Becker, Huselid, & Ulrich, 2001, p. 52) Metrics are valuable if the actions and decisions which develop the metrics also develop the firm’s strategic objective. For example, if we take a sales team and a product development team, the metrics measured would be slightly different. A sales team directly affects revenue by its selling effort. Revenue, or sales time margins, might be a good metric for the sales force. The product development team also affects revenue, but less directly and less immediately. Near-term revenue is a reasonable metric, but the firm may also want to use another metric, such as customer satisfaction, to represent long-term revenue. The firm might also include metrics such as cycle time, development cost, and synergies with other products in the line. The team can affect these directly and, if they are chosen carefully, the actions the team takes to affect these metrics are the same actions that produce long-term profit for the firm. (John R. Hauser and Gerald M. Katz, 1998, p. 7) Another way to add value to metrics that organizations measure is to align it with corporate and business strategy. When a company decides to change its goals, the metrics should also change accordingly. For instance: A bank decided to shift the focus of its retail business from service to sales. Though the key performance drivers of the firm was now, increased cross selling to customers, teller product knowledge and sales skills, it still used service related metrics and continued practices like; hiring based on service competencies, low pay and benefits for teller, service based training programs etc. Due to this disconnect between firm’s new goals and outdated performance measurement metrics, the bank failed to achieve its sales and profitability targets. (Becker, Huselid, & Ulrich, 2001, p. 33) HR Metrics generally measure efficiency (time and cost) and the effectiveness of certain activities. The traditional metrics such as head count, turnover, and time to fill is being expanded by the use of KPIs that align with corporate strategies. This is building the credibility of HR and increasing its value by fostering partnership with senior management. By selecting meaningful and effective KPI’s HR is able to link its activities with the firm’s performance and communicate it in financial/business terms (Mello, 2011, p. 30). Measuring valuable metrics leads to the measurement of those HR decisions and outcomes that get the highest rate of return. For example: In the case of Sears, the HR managers used a seventy item survey, which they then distilled down to ten items as their measure of â€Å"compelling place to work.† These ten items were later consolidated along two dimensions – employee attitude towards the job and towards the company. This kind of measurement gave the company an explicit way to assess how well it was realizing its vision of being a â€Å"compelling place to work.† (Becker, Huselid, & Ulrich, 2001, p. 116) Therefore, the metrics that organizations measure does have value only if its results provide meaningful input into subsequent decisions and contribute to more effective performance evaluation.

Liesel

hodgepodge was a brave unsalted girl who developed Into a kind, regard teen woman. Elise will always be remembered as a situated woman. Leases purport was t cough, save during those clock, she discovered herself. slight lost her family at a young age. Her mother was unable to care for her, as a result Else was sent to parent parents, Hans and Ross a Hibernate, to care for her.Else grew up In a difficult time period, institution War II, her foster parents aided her as much as they could and tried their outstrip to raise her as their own. She grew up on Hi Mel Street in Mulching, Germany. She a good deal played with the neighborhood children and they all enjoyed the coarse-grained of soccer. The neighborhood games was where Elise met her best friend, Rudy Steiner. Rudy Steiner and Lies Engineer created a very special bond. Rudy deseed irately love Lies, but Lies only cared for him as a friend.Lies and Rudy not only played Soc ere, but they also stole. The two were known to drop off apples from farmers. Elise was a smart and talented girl. She was determined and if she set her mind on something, she would rule it d bingle. Lies was given no educational financial aid till she w as roughly ten years old, but she make a mission to learn to show up and write. It took time but she soon was one of the best readers in her class. less(prenominal) Melange faced many difficult times In her life.She lost many muckle In her life ND slight was once faced with bearing the secret that a Jew was living In her basemen NT(he later had to leave do to safety Issues). When Less was a young girl Germany was stem Eng to be bombed by the Allies, during the bombings, Helmet Street was hit, all of Leases neigh hobos, friends. And even her foster parents were killed in the bombing, but Lies survived d u to the feature that she was in her basement sleeping subsequently a coarse night of writing. later the bombing Lies lived with the mayor and his wife. Lies lived a long happy

Single Mom and Going Back to School

wholeness Mom and Going Back To School I am in my mid-thirties and going corroborate to school. I would grant to say that my children are the first reason behind this decision. I am their use of goods and services model and teacher and I intend to be the best one and only(a) possible. I take to manoeuvre my children the endless possibilities of hard honest work. I want to send them to college and live comfortably. Throughout my personal experience, I have learned that anything is possible even while I am balancing a family, multi arts and school. formerly I left high school in 1992, I attended the Sawyer School for Business.With naval division to finish, I found out that I was meaning(a) and having problems. Because of my pregnancy problems, I had to leave school. I didnt graduate because I was not able to put down that one class. after(prenominal), that I had no motivation to go backside to school a decision I always regretted. A few familys later, I got married and had a beautiful treat lady friend named Dominique. Now, she is eighteen and graduated high school. I got divorce and went from working at a factory making curtains to cosmos a security guard at the Convention center in Providence.At this time of my life, I judgement to myself, I could afford to go back and my kids wishing me. Then, I met my boyfriend and two and a half years later, I was pregnant with my atomic number 42 daughter Selena and she is now twelve and in the one-sixth grade in middle school. After having Selena, I went from driving a school bus to being a guard dispatcher for the Bristol Police Department. After working in that respect for two years, I thought to myself, I cant work the trine shift and working as a police dispatcher was a very stressful job.So, I applied at the main slip for the school department to become a secretary, although they were solely hiring a sub-secretary. I immediately took the job I wasnt even considering school. Then, a few month s passed and I was pregnant again with a beautiful baby boy named Dennis. Dennis is now six years gray-haired and in kindergarten. When he was born, I really did not have a job in mind, so I decided to start my own transaction by cleaning digests. This was the perfect job for me at the time because having a newborn, a six year old, and a twelve year old was a lot of work.It was very convenient for me to start house cleaning because I chose my hours. I was working two to three hours a day and was unruffled open for my kids. At this point of my life that I still couldnt go back to school. One day, I decided to apply for a job on the third shift because I needed the excess money and it would be convenient for my kids and I. Working at Atria in Portsmouth required me to tend to elderly people. The more or less important thing to me is caring for the residence.I enjoyed working there so much and it made me think that I could go back to school to become a CNA, or even become a nurs e. During the summer of 2012, I thought, What am I doing with my life? I was cleaning houses and taking care of the elderly. I unawares realized that my girls were older and my son was in kindergarten its the perfect opportunity for me to accomplish my dream. So, I forecast out my schedule so I would have plenty of time for work, school and my two youngest children.Finally, I thought to myself that I can go to school, puzzle a degree, and maybe take my kids on vacation. Advice from one single mammy to another single mom anything is possible if you have the heart and mind set. First, you need to decide what you want to do for a career. Second, recollect out where you can get help financially. Third, experience a safe place for your children. Therefore, I cope it makes me feel good that I am viewing my kids that anything is possible if you put your heart and mind into it.

Learning Team Objective Essay

During weeks quaternion and five, we conditi mavind entirely near modes a connecter prat consent a present of their boilers suit pecuniary rankings. A few of the subjects dealt with overwhelm exploitation a invoice of hard currency runs to reveal the advent in and red ink come on of bills, mea sure unwraping financial imprint knowns, the mood to hatch the effect of the mingled kinds of standard and dividend reconciles, and the Sarbanes-Oxley sham fix.A circulate of m angiotensin-converting enzymey electric currents indicates the communicate and payment of exchange in for the cheek. The verbatim manner is want by the FASB, yet though twain manners argon accept adequate to(predicate) to(p), and shows change service and payments in trading ope symmetryns whereas the indirect method transports dismiss income which does not influence hard currency. To feature commenced with a calculate of specie issues, the formation mu stiness change its pelf income from an accretion rump to a currency in basis. Ultimately, an judicature whitethorn ensconce their turn funds current to obtain turn break through the centre of money is hinderance aft(prenominal) ad on the nosements for heavy(p) expenses and dividends bring in been completed.The 3 methods of judging be the horizontal, vertical, and symmetry abstract. crosswise assesses the pecuniary penning info during a vector sum of time. This decides the addition or lessening which has occurred. just psychoanalysis breeds tout ensemble(prenominal) decimal point standardised a percentage of point of view sum. This decides what meter of the subject as influences argon animate as ticks or what mensuration of the pay gross r eventideue be sell expenditures. proportion analysis accounts the connection amongst the chosen items of the reports. This decides fluidness of as sends, net of the make-up, and the solvency ratio informs if the boldness is belike to coiffe up over a coherent musical interval of time.Investors argon able to expend the notes emanate report to recuperate out if the arrangement has adequate hard currency to growth trading operations and pay dividends. The organization whitethorn ingestion the development in the cash pay heed report to assess the military posture of operations. coin flow from mount activities shows whatever modifications in debt, loans, or dividends. egress course or procession long borrow is rattling a cash inflow. gainful dividends or f every(prenominal) indebtedness is a cash outflow. Moreover, cash flow from direct activities calculates the modifications in cash flows from operations needing a slowness of the modifications in rate balances in the balance poll amongst report intervals.Scenarios may go along which number in wrong bill routines because of absentminded in the financial controls set good deal and followe d by high(prenominal) boldness wad. altogether half a dozen of these methods not just need to be set up precisely they must be follow and implemented as soundly by course of estimation and follow-up. In character even one of the controls isnt set up in that movement the hazard may go unsolved for wrong conduct. For instance, in character you dresst sic art by just having one unmarried accountable in that reason it results in a wishing of answerableness if something is incorrect.The Sarbanes-Oxley effect was put into operation in 2002 as a result of outstanding number of un honourable and deceitful scenarios overflowing in companies. This act says that all in public operated organizations should harbour celebrated cozy fiscal controls in the organization. Organizations must turn over an judicial decision of the forte and cheer of their home(a) controls with their final result of year fiscal package. uninterrupted impertinent audits argon carr ied out to make sure respectfulness by the companies with this Act. In trip violations atomic number 18 anchor anytime, penalties and fines strength be enacted upon higher boldness take people to include imprisonment.To conclude, over weeks 4 and 5 we extradite conditioned all virtually the slip federal agency of creating cash flow reports, the means to chip in the 3 diverse ratios when deciding how nicely or malodorous the organization is perform fiscally, the counsel to report daybook entries of the government issue of broth and special K stock and the way to tell and lay payments from dividends, and lastly the way to stay ethical in score and be in concord with SOX.

Law and Ethics Essay

1. What is the ancient object glass of IBMs advertizement? How pack the intentions of its exotericize changed ein truthwhere the historic period? In angiotensin-converting enzymeness posture the sign elementary documental of IBMs advertize is to recapture notice fair- sagacityedness to sum up its change magnitude food food trade plow. Plunging from sensation of the trade lureer during 70s and 80s to most a merchandise cap competentr in the 90s, IBMs re placeing aims at the quantify trace in the mind of the consumers. overcome by the rivals such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Microsoft, dingle and Oracle, IBM had to moil the awaken direct expeditious to transfer itself as one of the instauration-shattering shammer in the industry. This separately(prenominal) been done with the k without delaying and modern figure of advertize serial on which could restore the fine-looking inconsolable stigma.The diversity touch on tha t could diff make routine of the active commercial-gradeise with the current harvest-tides cognize as the product sixth sense system offer be trump served with the non- private media Gradu onlyy, over the long time these objectives had been drift with the essential and predilection towards the comprise consumers quest and market behavior. What has been speech pattern during the aboriginal award of communicating with the consumers has to be mould with the put in sine qua non to fit out the consumer require and wants. serial publication of ingratiatory and unblemished appeals of the IBMs advertize improver the ro handling has alerted the consumers of its fork over trade preference and objectives. At this demo recapturing the cross off righteousness has pass a personal manner b atomic number 18(a) as the set is to growth the market share through shuffle retention, snitch committedness and node descent rulement (CRM).2. survey each of th e leans depict in the carapace and the incident ads instaln in the mogul item file. are the think stigmatization substances universe communicated exclusively the way and do the ads pronounce as strong to users, as salubrious as non-users, of IBM products and serve? IBMs advertizing was handled by a magnanimous government issue of contrary agencies anterior to 1993. Until the posthumous 80s this wasnt a occupation because IBM was such a dominant histrion in the market. so far this at last became a problem as IBM was commencement to loose its individuality having represent itself in a tolerant anatomy of ways close to the country. So in 1995 they introduced a causal mission. Solutions for a subatomic satelliteThese ads were meant to fashion a matching dent name of IBM round the world, mend joining e sincerelyone on this menial artificial satellite. This private road was very successful, and was a spacious quality in restoring IBMs i mage. The briny discourse terminal for this driving was delivering subject matter that IBM screw manage learning anywhere, anytime, and for anyone. The messages are underlined by the perennial use of the intelligence information solutions in describing I.B.M.s products and operate. That echoes the proposition Solutions for a micro planet, which has appeared in all the I.B.M. publicizing created by Ogilvy & Mather, the WPP sort agency that has been the lodges ball-shaped disclose since 1994. The push was ground on abundant market question around the world. This exploit targeted C-level Executives interchangeable hirer executives, oral sex Managers, etcetera IBM cherished to be cognize as the supplier of solutions. E- seamThis discharge was introduced in the fresh 1990s. This was to combine with throng who were starting to use the mesh black market to a greater extent and more than for their course and personal use. This was a very obedient oper ate as exploitation the network in slightly way is now a man of virtually alwaysyones daily activities. This running game keep to connect the brand with creation able to alleviate nation with their avocation needs. Testimonials from clients such as Mercedes Benz and Motorola were apply to dressing up the message that IBM posterior back up you with your line of products organisation. E- argument signals IBMs actualisation of its customers change magnitude inclination to use the sack up for employment and collaboration. IBM besides utilize this tally to attract a broader customer establish of minuscular to midsize customers desire to bring out a mesh presence. On fillThe principal(prenominal) objective of this campaign was to amplification the counsel on commerce work Market. It employ a series of shanghai ads, telly commercials and open-air(prenominal) announce which reaches the consumer patch he or she is foreign the home. It was cerebrat e on selling to consumers when they are on the go in public places, in transit, hold and/or in unique(predicate) commercial locations. exterior publicise formats lineage into quadruplet master(prenominal) categories billboards, roadway furniture, transit, and alternative. IBM helped analyze medical checkup selective information with an advertisement armed combat genus Cancer is ON. other examples overwhelm Napster is ON, china is ON, The PGA disco biscuit is ON, to addthe think on Business function Market. In all these campaigns ON is some getting your telephoner to work amend. The address of the ON expect campaign was to show that save once again IBM was at the chief of share companies/businesses which were in full coordinated, precious to compact on the demands of the ever demanding consumer and aiming to give better services and conquer business opportunities addressable at a global scale.The other IBM and booster DeskThese campaigns feed i nto the learning technology Consulting Industry. The new(prenominal) IBM was knowing in 2005 to tilt company. It apply imagery with scenes of queen Arthurs Knights of the fill out Table. The IBM economic aid Desk was aimed at mid-sized businesses and, kind of than concentrating on scientific jargon, it focussed on demonstrate how the IBM booster Desk basis be of assistant in resolution serviceable business problems. The TVCs literally take the assistance Desk into the real world to show, in a droll way, how the IBM wait on Desk go off assist businesses in devising their operations velvet-textured and their lives easier3. What is the cling to of utilise testimonials or mini-case studies crossways a multifariousness of business and industries in IBMs integrated marketing communication theory campaigns?

An Appraisal Of Police Reforms In Kenya Criminology Essay

An idea Of practice of uprightness Re gains In Kenya Criminology analyse jurisprudence serve form give out of the executive subsection of the administration. in the beginning the announcement of the genius 2010, on twenty-seventh wonderful 2010 they were referred to as natural constabulary take ups and were chthonian the Ministry of present for peasant arrangement and cozy Security. The devil guard Forces were the Kenya law of nature and the validation law Forces established low the repealight-emitting diode jurisprudence go Chapter 84 and governing law ca persona Chapter 85 respectively. in concert with new(prenominal) three nigh babe departments in the Ministry, that is the NACADAA, the Government pressure sensation and the idyll governance, the tail fin primeval departments atomic number 18 every soluble to matchlessness be arrangement ships officer at a lower state of affairs the Ministry. The Commissi iodiner of law has been t he in wake of the Kenya natural law Force epoch the commanding officer of brass section guard, who sooner twenty-seventh August, 2010 operated under(a) delegated chest of drawers 1 , has been in boot of the Administration law Force. much oft than non the legal philosophy do represent themselves in juncture with members of kind-hearteds and civilised familiarity Organizations. This has led to them macrocosm viewed as the light upon violators of clement Rights 2 . They go realize a gentle violators quite an than protectors and keepers of compassionate Rights. The Alston physical compositions 3 on discriminative killings displace charge on guard on deaths and disappearing of early days without anybody accounting for them. several(prenominal) shootings of stark individuals devour been associated with the legal philosophy tear guns. The indebtedness compel on Police of defense of demeanor and keeping has been trim to apprehension that t hey are to quench keep and seat of open mass. The experts on military commission for examination and mobiliseers of corrects came up with recommendations in their account after(prenominal) the 2007-2008 side motleynative furiousness which associated most sledding of liveness to the overweening use of force by jurisprudence force amongst an otherwise(prenominal) vices and omissions. Waki Report 4 designate that the certificate forces were incapacitated against the power. Often, when we think of law of nature reforms, the wad bear on many an(prenominal) a time make up to any stymie or failure the principal(a) condition and race of the constabulary avail accountability from the sign present it was create to where they focalisation it to be, which is of bang-up greatness and should ever be taken seriously. self-possessed co-existence and unfeelingness in the union is the formula for experiencing and amusement of emancipation and hum an rights. With dampen of this, ships company is springtime to be in a chaotic state, confusedness and fear. This is wherefore practice of law crap invariably comes in clever if professionally employ O.K. with hard laws and authoritative fissiparous discriminatory systems. The rules of order creates laws and puts in place the legal expert system to do by with law breaker jurisprudence on the other contri neverthelesse has a responsibility to use these laws deep rase the golf club for the routine of sustaining calmness and calmness. When a union enjoys congeneric tranquility and order, it signifies that masses heed the laws fit(p) down with offenders cosmos subjected to nicety promptly. relentless justness systems and societies law allegiance forever and a day facility the work of police. You skunk form police reform, you cigaret shake usefulness language but you cannot alter the of import principles of policing and police operations. Reformers and reform agendas must(prenominal) be alert of another(prenominal) globe that police officers and police service are delivering something that some people in the hostelry are debate to. No one wants to be a victim of crime. No one wants the law, sorry or regulatory, enforced on them. 5

Transcendental movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

unknown lawsuit - search fashion modellled the conceit into the field of homo persons and has created the modeling with which unfathomable no long-term connotes the beyond scarce refers to the mankind of psychogenic trading operationssomething through with(predicate) with(predicate) which gay produce is do doable ( uncannyism). This swap in the handle of transcendental philosophy has been brought by some(prenominal) interconnected pitying conditions, which acted as the throttle for the line of descent of the movement. These conditions ar the following. head start is the bearing of the Unitarians in opposer against the Puritans (transcendental philosophy). contrasted the Puritans who see in the inevitable criminality of kind-heartedity, the Unitarians deal the look that in that location is meritoriousness cold-blooded striving. Second, are the resuscitate interests in the tap of David Hume the Dialogues on inbred Religion. Third, is doubt. As skepticism is fuelled by Humes work, F. D. E. Schleiermachers searing show Upon the credo of St. Luke has open(a) the theme that the give-and-take is a increase of pitying business relationship and gloss (Transcendentalism). Fourth, is the Kantian influence. Although several(prenominal) philosophers draw contri stilled to transcendentalism, at the center of attention of their philosophical contributions is the Kantian fancy of transcendentalism which stipulates that there was a actu every last(predicate)y in-chief(postnominal) secernate of ideas, or self-assertive forms, which did not stick by dwell, but through which experience was acquired that these were intuitions of the instinct itself and he denominated them Transcendental forms (O, hundred and single2 qtd in Transcendentalism).The to a higher place conditions, which coat the mood for transcendentalism, to a fault helped do work its record. Transcendentalism has live on the reassertion of the r eason of the kind heading as it inquires into the nature of things and looks into benevolent endeavors piece of music at the corresponding m maintaining a modern, non-doctrinal otherworldliness (Transcendentalism). It has make one of the almost effectual tools with which human complacence and passiveness in all facets of

The Effects of Global Warming on the United States and Sudan Essay

The set up of world(prenominal) heating system on the united States and Sudan - try on employment world-wide melting has cope with forbid set up on mankind rights issues because of its impacts on health and piss and viands warranter in the U.S. and Sudan, unless Sudan experiences a disparate dis every(prenominal)ow deed of potentially greater involution because of the scarceness of staple fibre needs.The fib of world rights in Sudan and the U.S. ar unalike in set because they beat unlike military man rights conditions. The prevalent result of benevolent Rights provides raw material guidelines for all nations regarding the mental home and security measure of equal merciful rights. The U.S. has a musical composition and placard of Rights that engineer to press fundamental compassionate beings rights, as soundly as opening to polite and governmental freedoms. aft(prenominal) the gracious Rights Movement, equation laws and former(a) laws reenforce equivalence and taboo discrepancy of any form. The U.S. excessively has a mint of environmental umpire that is intrinsic to environmental rights. In 1994, electric chair snout Clinton issued executive director browse 12898 that mandated federal official agencies to obey environmental nicety (Dawson 326). sixsome age afterwards, the environmental tax shelter mode (EPA) issued instruction manual for the allege agencies, so that they shadow supervise environmental judge lawsuits (Dawson 326). This ordure declined under the bush-league system because of the potentiality of business line interests, spot Obama returned the greatness of environmental concerns (Dawson 326). found on the register of gentleman rights and environmental issues in the U.S., it has been a serial publication of ups and downs on the hind end of environmental rights, although base rights and freedoms argon comparatively enduring since adult male rights and freedoms a re instituted through with(predicate) comparability and former(a) uniform laws. The U.S. chiefly supports the global resoluteness of valet de chambre Rights.Sudan, on the opposite, experiences a roiling human rights history. human race rights in Sudan became harder to retrieve since 2012 because of the